Olimpiyat · Karma
Japan's national astronomy and astrophysics olympiad, which selects up to 5 students for the International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA). The 5th edition has finished, and the next edition's entry details have not been published yet.
Both rounds follow the IOAA syllabus, with problems and answers in Japanese. The preliminary is a multiple-choice online test taken from home, and up to about 50 students (including a small junior quota for junior high school age and younger) advance to the final, which has theory and practical (data analysis) written exams. Awards include the top prize, gold, silver and bronze (about 30 in total), and junior awards. About 10 top selection-track finalists become team candidates, and after interviews if needed, up to 5 are chosen and trained by correspondence and camps for the IOAA.